Abstract:
In modern conditions, one of the main tasks in mechanical engineering is to improve the efficiency of the manufacturing process parts. The newest tool materials, technologies and designs of machines allow to introduce this type of processing into production more and more. Hard turning has been developed thanks to the works of such scientists as V. A. Kudinov, A.V. Krioukov, P.P. Grudov,. In the result of research in hard turning, there is a dependence on roughness of the processed surface from wear of the tool material. With the growth of the flank wear of the plate there is an increase in roughness of the processed surface. With solid turning in the surface layer there are residual stresses and areas with altered hardness and structure. These zones are often the result of high temperatures and rapid cooling of the material near the cutting zone. Some studies have shown that the use of cooling allows to get rid of these zones, although other experiments confirm that the use of coolant does not have an effect, but leads to a deterioration in the quality of the surface of the part and to reduce tool life. New tool materials are more adapted to the formation of undamaged surfaces without zones with altered hardness and structure, but with increasing tool wear this problem appears again. В машиностроении показатели качества изделий весьма тесно взаимосвязаны с точностью обработки деталей. Среди технологий обработки материалов широкое применение получил такой метод обработки, как твердое точение. Перспективный, быстро развивающийся вид обработки, который зачастую является экономически более целесообразной альтернативой шлифованию. Новейшие инструментальные материалы, технологии и конструкции станков позволяют все шире внедрять этот вид обработки в производство. Под твердой обработкой понимается обработка закаленных материалов резанием геометрически определенной кромкой. На токарном станке возможна обработка практически любого профиля, в то время как шлифовка требует достаточно долгой и сложной переналадки с заменой круга, с его правкой под требуемый профиль.
